The third population in the world has signs of hypertension. The pressure with hypertension causes stenosis and vascular damage and sometimes hemorrhagic heart attack. Therefore, even healthy people are extremely important to know what pressure is, what affects it, which indicators can be considered the standard, which numbers in the tonometro should serve as a signal for the beginning of treatment.
The essence of the concept
Blood pressure is due to the power of its effect on the main and peripheral vessels. Pressure indicators depend directly on several factors:
- vascular elasticity;
- cardiac contractions;
- The volume of blood pumped with heart for a certain period of time.
The value of blood pressure (blood pressure) is customary for writing in the form of a relationship in which:
- The upper digit, great systolic pressure (with a heart contraction);
- The lower, lower digit - diastolic pressure (between cardiac contractions).
Blood pressure can change - with a change in body position during exercise, with overloaded nervous, at rest or after eating. If a person has no health problems, after a short time, the pressure is stabilized. With hypertension, its increased indicators are preserved for some time. In hypertensive patients, accentuated fluctuations are observed in blood pressure. Normal after sleep, after eating, it can rise and then decrease. Night pressure indicators usually exceed morning and at night sometimes fall markedly.
Analyzing blood pressure indicators, more value is usually linked to the higher number. The systolic pressure is increased that the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathologies in patients are over 50 years old. In the vast majority of people, it increases over the years to the fact that the main arteries lose their elasticity and expose atherosclerotic plates.
Norma and Pathology
Blood pressure is an individual indicator, depending on the age, surrounding conditions, pathologies that accompany it and even from the time of day. But there are medium medical indicators. Having discovered what pressure the patient has, the doctor determines - hypertension is or the variant of the norm.
Blood pressure in patients over 18
| Pressure | Indicators, mm Hg. Art. | Indicators, mm Hg. Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic | Diastolic | |
| Ideal | Less than 120 | Less than 80 |
| Normal | Up to 130 | Up to 85 |
| Highly high | Up to 140 | Up to 90 |
| 1 degree of hypertension | Until 160 | Up to 100 |
| 2 degree of hypertension | Until 180 | Until 110 |
| 3 degree of hypertension | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| Isolated systolic hypertension | More than 180 | Less than 110 |
Systematic pressure control will help to avoid the serious consequences of hypertension, as pathological changes in indicators will be seen in a timely manner.
Reasons for the deviation of the standard
Blood pressure never changes for no reason. Its fluctuations can be caused by disease of the cardiovascular, digestive and geniturinary system, traumatic brain injuries. But factors that cause change are not always due to pathologies. The growth of blood pressure indicators usually occurs due to:
- allergic reactions;
- stressful situations;
- hormonal failures;
- Smoking;
- Alcohol abuse;
- Climate dependence;
- Taking some drugs;
- overwork;
- dehydration;
- eat fatty foods;
- excessive amount of salt consumed;
- Hypodinamia or, on the contrary, physical tension.
The reason for increasing pressure may be the age -related changes in the body and in hereditary predisposition.
Clinical manifestations
Increased blood pressure is very noticeable. Visual symptoms of pathological changes are more likely to serve:
- Acute headache (usually in temples and back of the head), usually accompanied by vomiting reflexes;
- Skin redness (sometimes vessels appear);
- Pronounced weakness, noise in the ears, flies in front of the eyes;
- redness of eye proteins (sometimes violation of visual acuity);
- dyspnea;
- pain behind the sternum;
- chills;
- insomnia;
- heartbeat of the heart;
- Increased perspiration.
In the presence of such symptoms, consult a doctor. Early hypertension is thus dangerous. Sometimes a person doesn't even think about the fact that it may have increased the pressure.
With increased dietary pressure, it is necessary to include products that can effectively break fat and prevent thrombosis.
Diagnosis of changes
After 20 years, it is recommended to measure the pressure during the exams. If it is larger than the standard, the doctor prescribes additional tests. High indicators of a time do not always indicate the presence of hypertension. The disease is diagnosed if increased indicators are observed with various consecutive exams, as well as being preserved after three months compliance with the doctor's instructions to adjust the lifestyle.
Self -Diagnosis in the Pulse
Without a medical device, it is impossible to accurately determine the pressure indicators, but the presence of negative changes can be taken by the pulse. When applying the ring and fingers to the carbon artery, the number of heart folds in 30 seconds should be calculated and multiply the resulting figure by two (the number of beats per minute). The pulse equal to 60-80 kicks is considered normal. With increased pressure, the pulse is felt without difficulty. If there is a heart rate monitor, you can use it.
Using a tonomer
To accurately measure blood pressure, various types of tonomatic are used. Device structures are distinguished by the principle of action. Mercury tonomatics were replaced by pneumatic and then electronic devices. The latter can easily use anyone who doesn't even have a medical education. They are characterized by compaction, accuracy and ease of use.
Normally, these tonomatic show not only systolic and diastolic pressure indicators, but also the pulse frequency. At the same time, previous measurements are "remembered" by which experts monitor the dynamics of changes in blood pressure indicators in each specific patient.
Tanks
Blood pressure measurement should be addressed with maximum attention. This applies to experts and patients who monitor the level of pressure independently. There are certain rules:
- The day before the measurement, you need to abandon tonic drinks and smoke;
- On the day of the measurement, you should not use eye and nasal drops;
- Measure the pressure half an hour after eating;
- Before applying the tonomer cuff, the patient should take a convenient position, placing a relaxed hand on a flat hard surface;
- The cuff should be placed in the middle of the shoulder. From below its edge should be 2, 5 cm from the elbow deepening. The air tubes should be along the middle line of the shoulder;
- Between the cuff, located at the same level with the heart, and the shoulder should be left the gap in which the finger is easily placed;
- During the operation of the tonometric, absolute calm must be maintained.
First, experts recommend measuring the pressure on both hands, then only in the "distributes" the highest indicators. If the measurement is performed outside the walls of the medical institution, the patient is recommended to make a "accounting" notebook and enter the day, time and measurements. How often do measurements, the doctor determines.
Possible consequences
High blood pressure with hypertension is full of hypertensive crises - sudden leaps of indicators for critics. Such states cause a strong expansion of the blood vessels that may break. In a series of consequences, hypertension is distinguished:
- Eye problems (reduction of visual acuity, bleeding);
- renal failure;
- Heart ischemia;
- heart failure;
- Angina Pectoris;
- Stroke;
- infarction;
- impotence;
- swelling of light and brain;
- death.
At the risk of exfoliating aortic aneurysm, it is advisable to drop the pressure as soon as possible. And with brain disorders, this should be done without haste, otherwise they will aggravate.
High blood pressure usually causes disability and even the patient's death.
Home reaction
With hypertensive crisis (the higher pressure above 200 mm Hg), you need to urgently call an ambulance team and, before your arrival, start taking steps to eliminate symptoms. With a moderate increase in pressure, you can act independently.
Warning measures
If signs of pressure increases, it is necessary to measure your indicators. Headache, nausea and weakness can occur for other reasons. If the pressure is really increased, it follows:
- Ensure peace, darkening and silence (including the workplace);
- Provide access to fresh air;
- Lie down, raising your head (at work, if there is no way, sit comfortably);
- Do respiratory exercises (diaphragmatic breathing focused on expiration);
- Massage the collar and head zone (it is desirable for relatives or friends to do this);
- Drink a diuretic broth (parsley, lingonberry, green tea or kidney, rosehip).
Such measures slowly decrease pressure and are more likely to prevent the development of complications. If they do not help, you need to contact a cardiologist.
Rapid effect
Patients with an active lifestyle usually face the rapid pressure reduction problem. Drugs can do this, but should be used carefully - in order to avoid overdose, quickly reduced pressure and other complications. The assistant doctor should prescribe medications. The pressure reduces the quick pressure and safely helps:
- peace;
- cool to compress in the head;
- Hot baths for members (not hot! ). You can use a container with water or a heating pillow, mustard;
- Phytoochai salting (valerian, mother, chamomile, mint, lemon balm).
In the absence of the expected effect, the listed measures are complemented with medicines.
Homemade First Degree Kit
With regularly emerging problems with pressure on the composition of the household medicine, special medications should always be.
The absence of medications may be compensated for using a "constant" medicine, but its effect will be noticeable only after one or two hours after taking. Accept pharmacists, follows:
- Use only the funds prescribed by the doctor;
- Do not mix drugs;
- Dissolve "emergency care" tablets and not swallow;
- Take the medicine lying down (after taking, remain in a horizontal position for another 30 minutes). If necessary, you should wake up slowly.
By accepting pharmaceutical products, it is necessary to pay attention to against -indications and side effects.
Inevitable restrictions
With increased pressure to prevent the development of negative consequences, it is necessary to adhere to certain restrictions:
- Within 24 hours after pressure stabilization, avoid greater physical activity;
- Avoid psycho -emotional overload, with the inevitable occurrence of stressful situations, taking sedatives;
- Refuse the use of alcohol, drinks containing caffeine and smoke.
It should be excluded from the diet for fatty and salty foods (smoked meats, canned foods - including). After normalizing the pressure for a few days, the amount of fluid consumed should be limited.
Hypertension treatment depends on the type of pressure increased as well as the phases of the pathological process. It is possible to use combined and monotherapy. After complete diagnosis and prescription drugs, the cardiologist will provide recommendations to maintain pressure in normal as well as in necessary measures when it has a sharp increase.